By Gorana Grgic, Mark Chou, Kumuda Simpson, Peter Christoff and Rodney Maddock
Much unknown about Trumps foreign policy, but expect instability
[su_pullquote align=”right”]The surge of populism, Brexit and Trumps victory are all testament that it is no longer business as usual.[/su_pullquote]
This result confirms that 2016 is a year of tectonic shifts in politics of the Western democracies. The surge of populism, Brexit and Trumps victory are all testament that it is no longer business as usual. This is perhaps the most critical departure from the way US politics has been operating in the post-Cold War era. It has shown that the population rejects some of the main tenets of globalization, such as free trade and open borders, and sees little value in internationalist foreign policy.
In terms of how the world sees the result, I think theres going to be a lot of trepidation over the unknowns of Trumps foreign policy. His foreign security policy sees little place for values and international norms, emphasizing interest instead. This will undoubtedly have major repercussions for US standing in the world, particularly if we take into account the global public opinion polls have been assessing Trump.
Finally, in denouncing major alliances and partnerships, Australia has been conspicuously missing from Trumps campaigns. There are reasons to believe that not much will change in terms of the commitment to ANZUS treaty. However, given Trumps disinclination to maintain some of the key alliances in East Asia, it is possible that the Asia-Pacific region will grow unstable.
Moreover, trade protectionism, especially in terms of China, could contribute trade disruptions and market instabilities that could well impact Australia.
A Trump victory may not spell doom and gloom
So Allan Lichtman, the American professor whos correctly predicted every presidential election since 1984, just got another election right. Donald Trump will be the next American president.
This result, which proved most polls wrong, will no doubt shock many. But with the election done, its important to take stock and ask the question: what now?
In his victory speech, Trump presented an uncharacteristically measured and gracious front, calling for national unity. Its time for us to come together as one united people, Trump said, adding, I will be president for all Americans. But if a recent Pew Research Center study is to be believed, close to 60% of voters think that America is set to become even more divided under Trumps watch.
There may be no more prominent a battlefield for these divisions than in Congress. Yes, the GOP now controls both the House and Senate, and theres good reason to expect that even Republicans who openly opposed Trump during the campaign will now want to build ties with the incoming president. But political candidates, once elected to office, have a tendency to want to keep the public on side so that they might win re-election. Trumps victory was no landslide, and Republicans on the Hill with 2018 and 2020 in mind have plenty of incentive to do all they can to keep Trumps worst tendencies in check.
For now, its too early to know for sure what President Trumps first 100 days in office will hold. But for those looking for a silver lining to this nightmare, there may be some solace in the words of Alexis de Tocqueville.
He once wrote that the frenzied state whipped up by elections, when intrigue becomes more active, agitation more lively and more widespread, never remains for long. In fact, the divisions and passions which one moment overflowed during the election proper always evaporates and everything returns peacefully to its bed.
Lets hope hes right.
Trump wins by breaking every rule of politics
[su_pullquote]Donald Trumps win today is a deeply disturbing sign of just how divided America is. This election has at times brought out the very worst in American politics.[/su_pullquote]
Donald Trumps win today is a deeply disturbing sign of just how divided America is. This election has at times brought out the very worst in American politics. Trumps campaign fed on peoples fear and paranoia, and it is deeply troubling that this message resonated with so many. Yet it also highlights just how many people in America have lost faith in the political class. Its clear that American democracy and political institutions are more vulnerable than we thought.
Trump defied all expectations, throughout the primaries and during the presidential campaign. He broke every rule of politics. He targeted minorities and railed against illegal immigrants. He weathered countless scandals, including bragging about sexually assaulting women. He brazenly lied too many times to count. He caused widespread disagreement and anger within the GOP.
And yet his win is evidence that the Republican Party has lost touch with the very people they claim to represent. Despite the high profile defection of various GOP establishment figures, his message of economic disenfranchisement and anger at globalization must be taken seriously. The Republican and Democratic Parties can no longer ignore just how much their policies of the past two decades have hurt a significant number of Americans.
The implications of his win are worrying for many reasons. It is unclear whether Trump can unite the country behind him or whether his win presages a permanently more angry and partisan country. Hopefully we have seen the worst and America can repair some of the damage this campaign has done.
International climate ambition at stake
In his first major speech on energy policy, in May this year, Donald Trump said he will cancel the Paris climate Agreement
As President, he can end the United States ratification by rescinding the executive order used by President Obama to bypass an op positional Republican US Senate.
The Agreement came into force last week, 30 days after its ratification threshold was met. This threshold required the support of 55 parties responsible for at least 55% of global greenhouse emissions.
At the time of writing, 103 countries have ratified the agreement, which now covers some 70% of global emissions. The United States – the worlds second largest emitter and responsible for somewhere between 14.5-15% of global emissions is a major contributor to this coverage.
If the US were to decide to withdraw from the agreement, this would occur one year after notification of withdrawal was made to the United Nations. Coverage would fall close to the agreements emissions threshold if no other parties joined in the meantime.
However, numerous additional states the United Kingdom (1.5%), Australia (1.3%) and Italy (1.2%), Turkey and Thailand (1% each) – are expected to ratify shortly, which would be enough to ensure the agreements survival.
This means that Trump wont be able to cancel the agreement.
But a US withdrawal may have a chilling effect on the agreements implementation, and could encourage defections by other parties with major fossil fuel interests, such as Saudi Arabia. Moreover, withdrawal would likely see the US also renege on its internationally promised emission targets.
[su_pullquote align=”right”]What a Trump presidency will mean for Americas national mitigation performance is now of critical international interest as well as planetary importance.[/su_pullquote]
Trumps agenda for an America First Energy Plan emphasizes American energy dominance [as] a strategic economic and foreign policy goal, by promoting the production of untapped shale oil, gas and clean coal. This plan peripherally mentions the benefits of gas and other American energy resources in reducing emissions. What a Trump presidency will mean for Americas national mitigation performance is now of critical international interest as well as planetary importance.
Lasting economic change
Donald Trump is not as odd to Americans as he is to Australians. Remember that Republicans will retain control of the Senate, the House and many State governments. Mainstream Republicans voted for him in droves.
The financial markets reacted quickly and badly to Trumps likely election. That will almost certainly turn out to be an over-reaction. Economies change gradually, and governments have less power to move them than most people think. The underlying trend in the US economy has been one of sustained if slow strengthening. This will almost certainly continue.
For Australia too the economy appears to be strengthening. Commodity prices seem likely to be stronger, government revenues stronger, and unemployment seems likely to fall. My guess is that a President Trump will make less difference than most of us assume.
I see two main areas of lasting change.
President Trump will get to make a number of appointments to the US Supreme Court. This will change the majority in the Court towards a much more conservative line on social issues. The various rights movements will be slowed as a result. And because justices stay on the Court for decades, the impact will be long-lasting and US cultural tensions will intensify.
The second major area is Americas positioning in the world. The long period where Americas position on issues was predictable, where America supported freer trade and helped move the world towards more open engagement, is likely to change.
We wont know how far Clinton might have reversed traditional policies on trade, but she was clearly in internationalist, Trump is not. I think Trumps moves will not be helpful but I also remember opposing Ronald Reagans star wars defense strategy. It seems certain the world will be less predictable but we wont know for a long time how that plays out.
The Australian press is likely to go into meltdown about the outcome. Trump challenges their ideas of civilised discourse and many of their values. The correct approach is to separate the issues. As democrats we should bemoan the way people have engaged in slinging matches rather than constructive debates. As democrats though we should also accept that differences in values need to be expressed through the political system and not disparaged. We need to engage with alternative views, not censor them or rubbish them.
Gorana Grgic is a lecturer in US politics and foreign policy, University of Sydney. Mark Chou is an Associate Professor of Politics, Australian Catholic University. Kumuda Simpson is a lecturer in international relations, La Trobe University. Peter Christoff is an Associate Professor, School of Geography, University of Melbourne. Rodney Maddock is the Interim Director of the Australian Center for Financial Studies at Monash University.
The article was originally published in The Conversation.
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