Since early March, the Omicron outbreaks have spread from Shanghai to other parts of China, including Beijing, and Guangdong and Hunan provinces.
But how do China’s outbreaks compare with those elsewhere?
Pandemic devastation: Coverage versus realities
When China largely contained the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, the number of confirmed cases was about 3 million worldwide. After two years of the pandemic, the global figure is 516 million.
In the United States alone, the confirmed cases exceed 83 million, although the real figure could be much higher. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, some 60 percent of Americans have been infected by the virus.
The failure of the United States and European countries to contain the pandemic, coupled with inadequate international cooperation and rich countries’ vaccine hoarding, have given rise to waves of new variants. The common denominator of the recent crises is the end of the lockdowns, opening up of the economies and increasing international travel. China is no exception, but it also has a track record of fast response and fast economic rebound.
In view of the total number of cases, adjusted to the size of population, the list is currently topped by small and open trading economies, such as Denmark (fifth) and the Netherlands (ninth), and major economies, including France (14th), the United Kingdom (38th) and the US (56th). While the numbers are lower for Japan (128th) and developing countries such as India (150th), China (223rd) is at the far end of the list. It has 151 cases per 1 million people, significantly lower than 248,000 cases per 1 million in the US.
In light of these cold realities, the argument that the magnitude of the Omicron outbreaks in China somehow exceed the pandemic devastation in the West is thoroughly flawed. Indeed, it is hard to avoid the impression that double standard is now a norm in news coverage in the West.
Figure 1 Cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people
Source: Johns Hopkins University CSSE COVID-19 Data
Rising pressures in China, devastating headwinds in the West
The counter-argument might be that China occupies such a vital position in international value networks that severe disruptions in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong will have global repercussions. That is, of course, true, but it is also true about foreign multinationals headquartered in the US, European countries and Japan.
The pressure on global supply chains remains high relative to historical levels. Obviously, rolling lockdowns in China’s economic hubs pose new challenges, including delayed recovery in the auto sector and increasing headwinds in the electronics sector. The slowdown is already discernible in the sharp fall in the purchasing managers’ index for March, coupled with weak import growth.
In China, the impact of global supply chain pressures is high, due to the country’s key role in global supply and distribution. But other economies are likely to encounter stronger headwinds over time.
The US Federal Reserve recently increased the interest rate by 0.50 percent; the biggest hike in 22 years. Since the Bank of England is likely to follow in the Fed’s footprints, pressure will increase on the European Central Bank to launch its rate plan.
What will make the situation even more challenging are the looming energy and agricultural crises, compounded by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the misguided use of Western sanctions against Russia, and massive arms supply to Ukraine by the US and its NATO allies, which could prolong, even widen the conflict.
In the developed West, new headwinds will result in downgrades across most major economies. In the US, the Biden administration, whose approval ratings have plunged from 53 to 38 percent, is struggling with highest inflation in 40 years, record trade deficit, depressed growth, and 1st quarter contraction. In the EU, the recession risks loom even higher, and in Japan growth forecasts have been sharply cut.
Inflation and rate hikes are penalizing growth in the US and Europe. China must tackle the new headwinds, but its starting point – higher growth, lower inflation – is more favorable (Figure 2).
Figure 2 GDP Growth and Inflation: US, Euro Area and China
Source: Tradingeconomics, Difference Group Ltd
Record foreign investment in China
In contrast to most developed economies, China seeks to alleviate sharp slowdown via moderate easing. Recently, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, cut the required reserve ratio (RRR) by 25 basis points, less than the markets expected. However, the POBC is likely to engage in further quantitative easing, including more RRR cuts.
Will the pressures on China cause the proposed outflow of foreign multinationals, as some have suggested? The simple answer is no. In 2021, China’s actual use of foreign direct investment exceeded $173 billion, up 20.2 percent year-on-year in dollar terms.
The trend is likely to continue this year. In fact, in the first two months of this year, China’s FDI inflow soared to $37.9 billion in dollar terms, an increase of 45.2 percent year-on-year.
In part, the performance reflects impressive investment growth from countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative and ASEAN member states (27.8 and 25.5 percent respectively). China remains a top investment destination for many foreign companies, with more than 70 percent of German companies planning further investment on the Chinese mainland, according to the German Chamber of Commerce in China. And China’s institutional reforms are likely to boost investment in the services sector.
In other words, short-term pressures will not undermine foreign multinational companies’ long-term strategies.
Global headwinds have only begun
Since March, the global economy has moved into a new, more perilous status quo with rapidly rising adverse economic repercussions. As a result, global growth is projected to plunge to 3.3 percent over the medium term, according to the International Monetary Fund. And that’s the benign scenario.
The coming shocks will be compounded by the protracted Ukraine crisis, ill-advised economic sanctions, rearmament drives, lack of proactive diplomacy, new virus variants, corrosive stagflation, and the aggressive rate hikes by the Fed and central banks of other rich economies.
In this dire landscape, the Chinese economy and its quest for peace and development, despite the varied challenges, remains a point of promise.
Dr. Dan Steinbock is an internationally recognized strategist of the multipolar world and the founder of Difference Group. He has served at the India, China and America Institute (USA), Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (China) and the EU Center (Singapore). For more, see https://www.differencegroup.net
A version of the commentary was published by China Daily on May 6, 2022
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